Field Tour 2 – Coastal Geomorphology
The Cairns region is characterised by a coastal plain composed of Late Quaternary alluvial sediments abutting marine / estuarine sediments. The latter comprises a hard yellow-grey clay of probable Pleistocene age overlying bedrock. A Holocene soft blue-grey clay unit, generally 3 – 7 m thick, but in places extending to more than 20 m thickness, overlies the yellow clay. Medium to coarse-grained sand beach ridges overlies the Holocene clay unit.
The beaches of the region have developed within a low wave energy climate dominated by south-easterly trade winds. Occasional tropical cyclones occur generating waves offshore up to 5 m along with storm tide inundations up to 2 m above AHD. Elsewhere, near Cairns, storm inundations have exceeded 7 m AHD historically and on Cape York Peninsula a 13 m storm inundation occurred in 1899. This latter event is the highest storm inundation known globally according to the World Meteorological Organisation.
This field trip will examine the coast of Cairns from Trinity Bay, bordering Cairns esplanade, to the northern beaches. We will discuss the characteristics of the embayments, beaches and beach ridge deposits, and sediment transport along the coast. Areas of coastal erosion and approaches to help remedy this problem will also be examined.
The historical development of parts of the coast, and in particular changes in the position of coastal streams, will also be discussed. Stream avulsion has had an impact on sediment supply to sections of the coast and also on the encroachment of mangroves especially close to the airport and along the Cairns esplanade foreshore. These stream movements also have bearing on native title issues.
The role of tropical cyclones in influencing coastal sediment transport and the development of beach ridge plains will also be discussed.
Tour Host: Professor Jonathon (Jon) Nott, Adjunct Professor, College of Science & Engineering, James Cook University
What to bring:
- Long sleeve shirt
- Long pants
- Hat
- Roll on insect repellent
- Sturdy shoes